1.
The Role of Selenium Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Liver Pathologies of Various Natures.
Goltyaev, MV, Varlamova, EG
International journal of molecular sciences. 2023;(13)
Abstract
The liver is the body's largest gland, and regulates a wide variety of physiological processes. The work of the liver can be disrupted in a variety of pathologies, the number of which is several hundred. It is extremely important to monitor the health of the liver and develop approaches to combat liver diseases. In recent decades, nanomedicine has become increasingly popular in the treatment of various liver pathologies, in which nanosized biomaterials, which are inorganic, polymeric, liposomal, albumin, and other nanoparticles, play an important role. Given the need to develop environmentally safe, inexpensive, simple, and high-performance biomedical agents for theragnostic purposes and showing few side effects, special attention is being paid to nanoparticles based on the important trace element selenium (Se). It is known that the metabolism of the microelement Se occurs in the liver, and its deficiency leads to the development of several serious diseases in this organ. In addition, the liver is the depot for most selenoproteins, which can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit tumor growth, and prevent other liver damage. This review is devoted to the description of the results of recent years, revealing the important role of selenium nanoparticles in the therapy and diagnosis of several liver pathologies, depending on the dose and physicochemical properties. The possibilities of selenium nanoparticles in the treatment of liver diseases, disclosed in the review, will not only reveal the advantages of their hepatoprotective properties but also significantly supplement the data on the role of the trace element selenium in the regulation of these diseases.
2.
Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Selenium-Containing Agents: Their Role in the Regulation of Defense Mechanisms against COVID-19.
Mal'tseva, VN, Goltyaev, MV, Turovsky, EA, Varlamova, EG
International journal of molecular sciences. 2022;(4)
Abstract
The review presents the latest data on the role of selenium-containing agents in the regulation of diseases of the immune system. We mainly considered the contributions of selenium-containing compounds such as sodium selenite, methylseleninic acid, selenomethionine, and methylselenocysteine, as well as selenoproteins and selenium nanoparticles in the regulation of defense mechanisms against various viral infections, including coronavirus infection (COVID-19). A complete description of the available data for each of the above selenium compounds and the mechanisms underlying the regulation of immune processes with the active participation of these selenium agents, as well as their therapeutic and pharmacological potential, is presented. The main purpose of this review is to systematize the available information, supplemented by data obtained in our laboratory, on the important role of selenium compounds in all of these processes. In addition, the presented information makes it possible to understand the key differences in the mechanisms of action of these compounds, depending on their chemical and physical properties, which is important for obtaining a holistic picture and prospects for creating drugs based on them.
3.
[Characterization of some thiol oxidoreductase family members].
Varlamova, EG, Gol'tiaev, MV, Novoselov, SV, Novoselov, VI, Fecenko, EE
Molekuliarnaia biologiia. 2013;(4):568-82
Abstract
There are no doubt about the important role of free radicals and reactive oxygen species in the processes of cell activity. The disturbances of intracellular redox processes are often accompanied with the development of such common pathologies as diabetes, myocardial infarction, neurodegeneration, broncho-pulmonary diseases, cancer, etc. To date, there are a large number of antioxidant enzymes related to different redox biology systems, the key role among them is played by enzymes belong to the thiol oxidoreductases superfamily, which consists of thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, peroxiredoxin, protein disulfidizomeraz, glutathione peroxidase families, and a number of other proteins. In addition to the antioxidant function, thiol oxidoreductases display the ability to recycle of hydroperoxide to form specific disulfide bonds within and between proteins that significantly extends the range of their functionality. Therefore, biochemical characterization and elucidation of functional mechanisms of the superfamily proteins is a highly actual problem of redox biology.